THANKS TO THE INCREASINGLY PERVASIVE ROLE of the mass media, people of every generation during the twentieth century heard some very memorable, and at times unexpected, news announcements. Such declarations, both print and broadcast, concerned crucial events that shaped the history of the century. For example, a few people still remember the newspaper extras of November 11, 1918 that heralded the end of World War I. A few more will recall the dramatic and exhilarating headlines of May 1927 that said Charles Lindbergh had officially completed his daring attempt to be the first aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic. Even more folks can remember the somber news of September 1939—the beginning of World War II in Europe—and December 7, 1941—the surprise bombing of Pearl Harbor and American entrance into the war. Many more will remember what they were doing on November 22, 1963 or January 28, 1986 when they first heard the shocking bulletins that President John F. Kennedy had died from gunshots or that the entire crew of the space shuttle Challenger had died when the craft exploded shortly after liftoff.
As huge, staggering, and widely proclaimed as those modern news announcements were, each is almost inconsequential when compared to the startling and far-reaching announcement of Jesus Christ’s birth, which Mary heard from the angel Gabriel. That simple, lovely, unmistakably clear narrative explicitly features the divine character of the event. There is no more miraculous, compelling announcement in all of history than that which opens Luke’s familiar and beloved account of the birth of our Lord:
Now in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a city of Galilee named Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. And having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, highly favored one, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among women!”
But when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and considered what manner of greeting this was. Then the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bring forth a Son, and shall call His name Jesus. He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. And He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of His kingdom there will be no end. (Luke 1:26–33)
This is the angel’s promise that God was coming into the world, but it’s not the first time God made such a promise. Gabriel’s announcement actually heralded the beginning of the promise’s fulfillment. The monumental news of the Incarnation broke with supernatural surprise to Mary and soon dispelled the mundane tedium that was human history at that time. The news was part of God’s plan of redemption, which He devised even before the creation of the world. And the Holy Spirit previewed that plan from the opening of Scripture, at the start of human history. God originally established the hope of a Savior in Genesis 3:15, and the divine authors of the Old Testament kept it alive for millennia in the hearts of believers (Gen. 49:10; Deut. 18:15; Ps. 2:6–12; Isa. 7:14; 9:6–7; 52:13–53:12; Dan. 2:45; 7:13–14; 9:26; Mic. 5:2).
The Old Testament is filled with prophecies and promises concerning the coming Messiah (approximately 350). At the end of Luke’s Gospel, when the risen Jesus walked on the road to Emmaus with several disciples, Luke records the following interaction: “‘O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken! Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?’ And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself” (Luke 24:25–27).
So it’s clear that the angel’s words to Mary are part of the fulfillment of God’s ancient promises. Those words possess a striking and unmistakable quality of simplicity—yet there is enough wonder and amazement in the announcement’s basic elements so that any open-minded person ought to embrace them and exult over their reality.
THE DIVINE MESSENGER
The best way to grasp the significance of the angel’s announcement is to look at it from God’s perspective. Everything about the proclamation was divine, including first of all its divine messenger. That God would send a message by means of a holy angelfor the second time in less than a year (Luke 1:11–20)—was in itself amazing. God’s people had not seen or heard from an angel in more than four hundred years. During that time there had been no revelation from the Lord, no miracle, and certainly no sequence of miracles. But then for the second time in the span of a few months the same angel appeared, both times with an extraordinary birth announcement to an ordinary person.
Luke 1:26 identifies the divine messenger as Gabriel, the same angel who came a few months earlier to the priest Zacharias with news about John the Baptist’s birth.
Gabriel is one of only two angels who are actually named in the Bible. The other one, Michael, is a superangel, associated with assignments requiring power and strength. Gabriel is God’s supreme messenger, who brought great, glorious, and crucial announcements from heaven. In Daniel 9, for example, he delivered the all-important pronouncement to Daniel regarding the rest of redemptive history, as unfolded in the incredible vision of the seventy weeks. And now the message of Christ’s forthcoming birth was so critically important that Gabriel again announced it.
Gabriel delivered the most astounding and significant birth announcement ever. And it was even more incredible because he brought it directly from the throne of God. Luke 1:19 says, “‘I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God.’” This high-ranking angel of God came down out of heaven to a Galilean town called Nazareth. And that town, population several thousand, was quite obscure to the outside world. Galilee, an official region north of Jerusalem, was recognizable to most people; therefore, Luke gave his readers a better idea of the town where Christ would grow up by identifying it by regional location.
One of the remarkable facts about Galilee’s role in the story of Jesus’ birth is that the region was not the center of Jewish culture and religion. In fact, it tended to be more Gentile in its orientation, with a significant non-Jewish population surrounding the area. That’s why the district north of Jerusalem was called Galilee of the Gentiles. It’s quite intriguing that when God made the direct, formal announcement of the coming of His Son, the promised Jewish Messiah and King, it came to a part of Israel that was intersected by many Gentiles. We can almost paraphrase God’s intention this way: “My Son will come to a family from Nazareth in Galilee, because He will be the Savior not only of all Jews who believe, but also of believers from every tribe, tongue, and nation.”
THE PERSON OF DIVINE CHOICE
Luke’s account of Christ’s birth announcement continues its divine perspective by reporting God’s choice of the special person who would be Jesus’ mother. That person is identified as “a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. The virgin’s name was Mary” (1:27).
Not only did the Father send an angel to a small, obscure town in Galilee, to one specific house—He also chose one of its residents to have a major role in the birth of Jesus. That person was a young teenager named Mary. The name Mary is the Greek form of the Hebrew Miriam and means “exalted one.” Beyond that, we know virtually nothing about Mary’s background, because the Bible does not tell us anything. (For a profile of Mary, see chapter 7 of my book In the Footsteps of Faith [Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, 1998].)
In Luke’s account, “virgin” is the Greek word parthenos, meaning “one who has had no sexual relations.” As we alluded to in chapter 1 of this study, the term was never used of a married woman. So we can be certain that Mary was truly a virgin. And in that regard, Mary’s marital status followed the normal Jewish practice, which was in turn patterned after Roman law of that day. Girls were engaged at twelve or thirteen years of age (around the time of reaching puberty) and married at the end of the engagement period. That practice ensured that adolescent girls maintained their virginity until marriage.
When you think about it, God’s sovereign choice of Mary to be the mother of Jesus is most astonishing. Out of all the women He could have chosen—queens, princesses, sisters or daughters of the wealthy and influential—He chose an unknown, unassuming young woman named Mary from an obscure village called Nazareth. But God’s plans and purposes often do not unfold in the manner we, as humans, would have selected.
THE DIVINE BLESSING TO MARY
As amazing as any announcement’s messenger might be, and as fascinating as the identity of the primary recipient is, the most important aspect of any announcement—what people really want to know—is the content. And the content of most everyday pronouncements is usually fairly mundane, often striking us as boring and uninspiring. That is certainly not true regarding the introductory content of Gabriel’s announcement.
Luke 1:28–30 confirms that the angel’s incredible message is indeed from God and contains His blessing: “And having come in, the angel said to her, ‘Rejoice, highly favored one, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among women!’ But when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and considered what manner of greeting this was. Then the angel said to her, ‘Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God.’”
In keeping with Luke’s simple, unadorned narration, Gabriel merely entered the house and greeted Mary with a benign “hello” (usually translated “hail” or “rejoice”). Mary, who was apparently alone and preparing food at the time, must have received the angel’s greeting as a definite understatement. But there was a reason the greeting did not come with elaborate heavenly fanfare or intense drama. Divine wisdom undoubtedly knew a low-key introduction would prevent Mary from panicking. After all, she had never seen an angel before; and such a phenomenon could have frightened her, since she was an inexperienced youth. So a calm, reassuring, human-style voice was best for this most special situation.
Gabriel’s next statement clearly and immediately revealed that the divine blessing sovereignly bestowed on Mary was nothing less than God’s grace. However, for centuries the Roman Catholic Church has not embraced that truth, but instead has misled its adherents by accepting the Latin Vulgate Bible’s inaccurate translation of Luke 1:28. During that time, Catholic commentators, writers, and theologians have propagated the familiar but wrong rendering, “Hail, Mary, full of grace.” That has led millions to accept the seriously erroneous belief that Mary is the source of immeasurable grace, which she bestows on others.
Simply reading and understanding the entirety of Gabriel’s opening statement easily refutes that heresy: “‘highly favored one, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among women!’… ‘you [Mary] have found favor with God’” (vv. 28, 30). Those words are not praising Mary for her inherently virtuous, godly, or worthy character. The angel’s message to her simply said that God had freely chosen to give grace to Mary—that is what made her favored and blessed.
Gabriel had to use such an expression because, before God, Mary was unworthy in her own strength. That means she was a sinner, and sinners need God’s grace. In that sense, Mary was just like you and me—she had no grace to dispense, because she needed the saving grace only God can give. Therefore, she was the recipient of grace, not the source or bestower of it.
Mary did not respond with pride or smug self-satisfaction, as the Catholic view might suggest, but instead she reacted to Gabriel’s statement with humility and perplexed pondering. “But when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and considered what manner of greeting this was” (v. 29). The angel’s appearance did not shake Mary as much as did the nature of his words. “Considered” refers to a state of mind that is disturbed, confused, and perplexed. But why would Mary have reacted that way to the message? Simply because she knew she was a sinner who did not deserve to receive God’s grace. That’s why later she praised God and called Him, “God my Savior” (v. 47).
Mary knew what all righteous, believing people know—that she needed a Savior. And that is probably the best indication we have that Mary was a true believer. All genuinely righteous people are distressed when they face God (or in Mary’s case, one of His holy angels) because they know they’re sinners. As she pondered Gabriel’s message, Mary very well may have asked herself over and over, Why would God ever want to choose me, an unworthy sinner, to be the recipient of His amazing grace? Why would the Lord single out me for such special privilege? To her, it was staggering; nothing on earth could have prepared her for such a breathtaking opening announcement.
Even though Mary’s primary response to Gabriel’s words was one of perplexity and serious pondering, she also reacted with fear. Such supernatural appearances always generated a certain amount of fear and trembling in the human witnesses (Luke 1:13; 2:10). Therefore, it was appropriate that the angel would give Mary some words of assurance: “‘Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God’” (1:30). Gabriel was not coming to Mary in judgment, so there was nothing for her to fear.
God affirmed that He had extended His grace to Mary for no other reason than it suited His good pleasure and perfect plan. The issue was not Mary’s individual worthiness or human merit; it was God’s sovereign choice. God exercised the same prerogative centuries earlier when He spared Noah and his family from the Flood: “But Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord” (Gen. 6:8).
Mary later acknowledged God’s incredible grace and mercy toward her: “‘My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior. For He has regarded the lowly state of His maidservant; for behold, henceforth all generations will call me blessed. For He who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is His name’” (Luke 1:46–49). She uttered those words of praise, not as the “blesser,” but as the “blessed.”
God’s special blessing to Mary, granted in the opening act of the wonderful drama of Christ’s birth, boldly highlights the truth that the Lord gives no grace to those who refuse Him. But as with His unique graciousness to Mary, He grants abundant grace to His chosen ones.
THE DIVINE CHILD
The astonishing appearance of the angel to Mary and the wonderful truth that God had shown great grace to her were just the beginning phases of Gabriel’s momentous announcement. Luke 1:31–33 unveils to Mary for the first time what the essence of God’s extraordinary work in her life would be: “‘And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bring forth a Son, and shall call His name Jesus. He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. And He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of His kingdom there will be no end.’”
That is the fourth part of the divine announcement—Mary will be the virgin mother of the divine child, Jesus, the King and Redeemer.
If the angel’s initial statement that Mary had found favor with God jolted her and caused her much serious reflection, imagine how much more shocking these new words were to her. If it was challenging for Mary to comprehend divine grace extended to her, it must have been even more difficult to grasp that she would conceive God’s own Son in her womb.
Mary knew only one way to conceive, and that was to have sexual relations with a man. But she had never had a marital relationship, a fact she attested to with the simple question, “‘How can this be, since I do not know a man?’” (v. 34). That was her euphemistic way of affirming that she was still a virgin.
Scripture doesn’t tell us what other reactions Mary had to this latest news, but we can reasonably guess her thoughts were something like this: Well, maybe I’ll conceive right after Joseph and I are finally married—after the celebration is over and the marriage is consummated. Surely this news can’t be fulfilled any other way. Humanly speaking, such thoughts would be understandable, because no young woman would think she could have a child without the involvement of a man.
But Mary is not left to wonder and speculate how Gabriel’s words will be fulfilled. He provided a most amazing answer to her question—“‘The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Highest will overshadow you; therefore, also, that Holy One who is to be born will be called the Son of God. Now indeed, Elizabeth your relative has also conceived a son in her old age; and this is now the sixth month for her who was called barren. For with God nothing will be impossible’” (vv. 35–37).
Gabriel was explaining his earlier words (v. 31), which were only a general reference to the virgin birth. However, like another angelic statement in Matthew 1:23, those words were taken from the Greek translation for Isaiah 7:14. Thus, Gabriel’s explanation to Mary was the beginning of a fulfillment of that well-known prophecy: “Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel.” His elucidation supports the conclusions we drew in chapter 1 of this study, namely, that Jesus had to be born of a virgin to be the Son of God and a genuine Savior of sinners.
All of Gabriel’s words about the divine child, Jesus, constitute a summary of the entire person and work of our Lord and Savior. The summation appears rather simple on the surface, but the complexity of each facet challenges our ability to grasp and appreciate all that the angel said to Mary. It is truly awesome to contemplate Jesus’ saving work (in His name), His perfectly righteous life, His title of deity, and His kingly position—all in the same concise overview.
Jesus’ Saving Work
First, the angel gives a preliminary indication of the Child’s saving mission. Jesus’ name itself comes from the Hebrew Yeshua, which means “Jehovah saves” (Matt. 1:21). (The God of the Old Testament was a saving God, and His people knew it; 2 Sam. 7:23; Job 19:25; Isa. 44:21–23; 45:21; Hos. 14:2; Joel 2:12–13; Jon. 2:9.) Later in Luke’s description of the Incarnation, he reiterates and underscores the point that the Child, Jesus, was the long-awaited Savior: “‘For there is born to you this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord’” (2:11); “‘For my [Simeon’s] eyes have seen Your salvation’” (2:30); “And coming in that instant she [Anna] gave thanks to the Lord, and spoke of Him to all those who looked for redemption in Jerusalem” (2:38). And later in his Gospel, while chronicling Christ’s ministry in Perea, Luke conveyed in Jesus’ own words the reason He came: “‘for the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost’” (19:10).
Jesus’ Perfectly Righteous Life
People use the word great in reference to all kinds of things: “Have a great day.” “That was a great film.” “That would be great.” But such frequent uses of this and other similar adjectives tend to water down and trivialize the very notions we try so hard to communicate. Consequently, we often have to struggle with additional adjectives to fully convey what we mean.
That’s the impression Luke 1:32 gives with Gabriel’s simple statement that Jesus would be great. Certainly there must be a more gripping way to describe the upcoming life of the Messiah. Some commentators would say it’s better to translate the Greek word for “great” as “extraordinary.” Or it might be better still to substitute the adjective splendid. Then additional terms, such as magnificent, noble, distinguished, powerful, and eminent, come to mind; but they still don’t allow us to speak as excitedly as we ought about the life of Jesus. Nevertheless, the Holy Spirit regarded the simple designation “great” as sufficient to describe the extraordinary life of the divine child.
But is Jesus’ greatness of life the same as John the Baptist’s? After all, Luke earlier reported the angel’s words that John would “be great in the sight of the Lord” (1:15). Those words came true; however, John’s greatness was a quality God granted to him. In contrast, Jesus’ greatness is a quality not merely granted to Him, but inherently possessed by Him.
Christ’s greatness is best understood in relation to what the apostle John wrote about Him:
But although He had done so many signs before them, they did not believe in Him, that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke:
“Lord, who has believed our report?
And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?”
Therefore they could not believe, because Isaiah said again:
“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts,
Lest they should see with their eyes,
Lest they should understand with their hearts and turn,
So that I should heal them.”
These things Isaiah said when he saw His glory and spoke of Him.
(John 12:37–41)
John’s second quotation from the prophet is from Isaiah 6:9–10, when Isaiah witnessed God’s glory in the temple and spoke about Him. But when did Isaiah see the glory (or greatness) of Christ? He saw it at the same time he saw the glory of God, because the glory of Christ is the same as the glory of God. The prophet Isaiah knew that one day God was sending the Messiah, His Son, to live a perfect life among His people and to save them from their sins (Isa. 7:14; 9:6–7; 53:4–6). He had a preview of the same glory of Christ that the apostles later witnessed and wrote about (Matt. 17:1–8; John 1:14).
When Gabriel told Mary that Jesus would be great, he meant that Jesus would manifest the very glory of God. That is, people would see the attributes of God displayed through His perfectly righteous life. Whenever you study Luke or the other three Gospels, you see God in every picture of Christ. He talks like God, acts like God, thinks like God, performs miracles that only God could do, teaches truth only God would teach, and responds with the love, goodness, wisdom, and omniscience that only God could possess. And it all begins with the birth of the divine child.
Jesus’ Title of Deity
The angel continues in Luke 1:32 his summary of the person and work of Christ: “[He] will be called the Son of the Highest.” “Highest” was simply a title for God, clearly indicating that nobody is higher than He is. Mary and other righteous Jews were familiar with that title because it is used throughout the Old Testament. In fact, the Hebrew equivalent of the Greek term used by Luke is one many of us know: El Elyon, “God Most High.” That title refers to God’s sovereignty and the fact that no one is higher, more exalted, or more powerful than He is.
To identify Jesus as the Son of the Highest is to declare that He has the same essence as the Most High God. Hebrews 1:3 says this about Jesus: “who being the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person.” Jesus told His disciples, “‘He who has seen Me has seen the Father’” (John 14:9). And He boldly asserted to His Jewish opponents, “‘I and My Father are one’” (John 10:30).
Gabriel announced, and the New Testament confirms, that Jesus unquestionably was and is worthy of His divine title, because He truly is the Son of God. But His story does not consist only of His amazing birth, extraordinary life, sacrificial death, and miraculous resurrection.
Jesus’ Kingly Position
The story of Jesus will wonderfully conclude with His sovereign rule over earth and heaven. “‘The Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. And He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of His kingdom there will be no end’” (Luke 1:32–33). The story of redemption will culminate with great precision in the glorious reign of Jesus Christ on David’s throne over the nation of Israel, by which He will establish an earthly Kingdom for a thousand years, followed by an eternal Kingdom.
As we saw in our study of the genealogy of Jesus, God sent Him to earth with the proper credentials to rule. He offered His Kingdom to His people, but they spurned it and then rejected and executed Him. However, Christ will return in glory and with omnipotence to establish His Kingdom (Rev. 19:1–21:8).
The Old Testament writers, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, foresaw the coming of Christ’s Kingdom. For example, David writes, “Yet I have set My King on My holy hill of Zion. I will declare the decree: the Lord has said to Me, ‘You are My Son, today I have begotten You. Ask of Me, and I will give You the nations for Your inheritance, and the ends of the earth for Your possession’” (Ps. 2:6–8). In 2 Samuel 7:12–16, God told David he would have a Son who would reign for-ever. And that Son was not Solomon, but the Messiah, Jesus, as confirmed by the genealogies in Matthew and Luke.
The Bible promises that all believers will be part of Christ’s Kingdom. Even though God will take us to heaven through death or the Rapture, He will include us in the millennial Kingdom. Others will be saved during the Tribulation and become members of the Kingdom. Christ will return, kill the unbelieving, and then establish His earthly Kingdom of righteousness, peace, and truth. And once the final rebellion of Satan and his followers is crushed and they’re sent to the Lake of Fire, the Lord will establish His eternal Kingdom. The magnificent words of Handel’s “Hallelujah Chorus” perfectly describe the conclusion: “He shall reign forever and ever!”
The angel Gabriel’s divinely dispatched announcement to the young Mary undoubtedly surpasses in significance any earthly news bulletin that you or I will ever hear. In five clear and concise sentences, Gabriel summarizes all of redemptive history. The proclamation’s key elements—such as God’s amazing grace to Mary and the attributes of the divine child—ought to remind you daily that the baby once born in Bethlehem now rules your heart and will eventually be your King in the glory of heaven. What monumental truths!
MacArthur, J. F., Jr. (2001). God in the manger: the miraculous birth of Christ (pp. 27–40). W Pub. Group.





























